RF&P 1014 with Train 2, The Florida Special, north of Ashland, VA on January 12, 1969.

(Roger Puta, courtesy Marty Bernard, railfan 44, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons)

 

RF&P logo.

RICHMOND, FREDRICKSBURG AND POTOMAC RAILROAD

The Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad (reporting mark RFP) was a railroad connecting Richmond, Virginia, to Washington, D.C. The track is now the RF&P Subdivision of the CSX Transportation system; the original corporation is no longer a railroad company.

The RF&P was a bridge line, with a slogan of "Linking North & South," on a system that stretched about 113 miles. Until around 1965, RF&P originated less than 5% of its freight tonnage, probably less than any other Class I railroad. For much of its existence, the RF&P connected with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad and Seaboard Air Line Railroad at Richmond. At Alexandria and through trackage rights to Union Station in Washington, D.C., connections were made with the Pennsylvania Railroad, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the Southern Railway. It connected to the Washington and Old Dominion Railroad at Potomac Yard and interchanged with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway at Doswell. It and the former Conrail properties are the only CSX lines to have cab signal requirements on their entire system.

 

An RF&P freight train passing through Doswell, Virginia in 1969.

(Roger Puta, courtesy Marty Bernard, railfan 44, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons)

 

History

The Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad was chartered on February 25, 1834, to run from Richmond north via Fredericksburg to the Potomac River. It opened from Richmond to Hazel Run in 1836, to Fredericksburg on January 23, 1837, and the rest of the way to the Potomac River at Aquia Creek on September 30, 1842. Steamboat service to Washington, D.C., and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was provided by the Washington and Fredericksburg Steamboat Company, later renamed the Potomac Steamboat Company, controlled by the railroad after 1845.

Badly damaged during the Civil War, on October 11, 1870, an extension to the north toward Quantico was authorized at a special meeting of the company's stockholders. The company's charter limited this branch to 10 miles, leaving it 1.7 miles short of the Alexandria and Fredericksburg Railroad. This split from the existing line at Brooke and ran north to Quantico, also on the Potomac. The old line to the Aquia Creek wharf was abandoned on the opening of the Quantico wharf on May 1, 1872.

On the other end of the line, the Alexandria and Washington Railroad was chartered on February 27, 1854, to build from the south end of the Long Bridge over the Potomac River south to Alexandria. That line opened in 1857. The railroad went bankrupt and was sold July 9, 1887, being reorganized November 23, 1887, as the Alexandria and Washington Railway. In 1873 the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad's branch over the Long Bridge opened, giving a route into Washington, D.C., over which the A&W obtained trackage rights.

The Alexandria and Fredericksburg Railway was chartered February 3, 1864, to continue the line from Alexandria to Fredericksburg. It opened on July 2, 1872, only reaching Quantico, the north end of the RF&P. At Quantico the 1.7-mile (2.7 km) Potomac Railroad, chartered April 21, 1867, and opened May 1, 1872, connected the two lines. It was leased to the RF&P for 28 years from May 17, 1877. On March 31, 1890, the two companies terminating in Alexandria merged to form the Washington Southern Railway. Until November 1, 1901, it was operated by the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad and its successor the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad (part of the Pennsylvania Railroad system). The Potomac Railroad lease was transferred to the Washington Southern on June 30, 1904. On February 24, 1920, the Washington Southern was formally merged into the RF&P.

The Richmond-Washington Company was incorporated September 5, 1901, as a holding company, owning the entire capital stock of the two railroads. The stock of the company was owned equally by the Pennsylvania Railroad, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, Southern Railway, Seaboard Air Line Railway and Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. Four of these companies (B&O, ACL, SAL, C&O) have since become part of CSX. The Southern Railway is now part of Norfolk Southern and does not use the former RF&P; the former Pennsylvania Railroad, in its later incarnation as Conrail, has been split between CSX and Norfolk Southern with most of PRR's routes becoming part of Norfolk Southern. However, the portion of the former PRR that connected to the very north of the RF&P's former Potomac Yard, across the Long Bridge and into Washington DC, became part of CSX following the takeover of Conrail by NS and CSX. The RF&P company became Commonwealth Atlantic Land V Inc., and a new corporation, named the Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railway Company, was formed on October 9, 1991.

On December 31, 1925, RF&P operated 118 miles of road and 432 miles of track; on December 31, 1970, mileages were 118 and 518.

 

Revenue passenger traffic, in millions of passenger-miles

Year           Traffic
1925           132
1933           48
1944           822
1960           168
1970           80

Source: ICC annual reports

 

Revenue freight traffic, in millions of net ton-miles

Year           Traffic
1925           438
1933           265
1944           1462
1960           819
1970           1102

Source: ICC annual reports

 

Passenger service

As the link between "North and South" the RF&P primarily hosted the trains of other railroads, particularly those on the lucrative New York–Florida run. In March 1950 this included the East Coast Champion, West Coast Champion, Miamian, Palmland, Silver Star, Silver Comet, Orange Blossom Special, Silver Meteor, Vacationer, Havana Special, Palmetto, Florida Special, Cotton Blossom, Sunland, and Everglades.

The RF&P operated comparatively few trains of its own. One was the Old Dominion, a streamliner inaugurated in 1947 between Washington and Richmond. This train used four 70-seat coaches and a café-parlor car, all built by American Car and Foundry. In 1956, the RF&P operated two daily passenger trains, one of which was a local and the other an express in addition to operating numerous through trains from other railroads.

 

Company Presidents

  • John A. Lancaster 1834–1836
  • Conway Robinson 1836–1838
  • Joseph M. Sheppard 1836–1840
  • Moncure Robinson 1840–1847
  • Edwin Robinson 1847–1860
  • Peter V. Daniel Jr. 1860–1871
  • John M. Robinson 1871–1878
  • Robert Ould 1878–1881
  • Joseph P. Brinton 1881–1889
  • E. D. T. Myers 1889–1905
  • William J. Leake 1905–1907
  • William White 1907-1920
  • Eppa Hunton Jr. 1920–1932
  • Norman Call 1932–1955
  • William T. Rice 1955-1957
  • Wirt P. Marks Jr. 1957–1960
  • Stuart Shumate 1961-1981
  • John J. Newbauer Jr. 1981–1985
  • Richard L. Beadles 1985–1986
  • Frank A. Crovo Jr. 1986–1991

 

A Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad Gallery

 

Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad 1203 (FP7) and 124 (GP35) at Bryan Park Terminal, Richmond, VA on January 12, 1969. (Roger Puta, courtesy Marty Bernard, Public domain via Wikimedia Commons)

 

Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac FP7s 1201, 1203 and more at Bryan Park Terminal, Acca Yard, Richmond, VA on September 27, 1969. (Roger Puta, courtesy Marty Bernard, Public domain via Wikimedia Commons)

 

Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac FP7 1202 at Bryan Park Terminal, Richmond, VA on November 16, 1968. (Roger Puta, courtesy Marty Bernard, Public domain via Wikimedia Commons)

 

Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad FP7 No. 1008, September 1964. (Roger Puta, courtesy Marty Bernard, Public domain via Wikimedia Commons)

Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad 1203 (FP7), 124 (GP35), and 1009 (E8A) at Bryan Park Terminal, Richmond, VA on January 12, 1969. (Roger Puta, courtesy Marty Bernard, Public domain via Wikimedia Commons)

Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad 135 (GP35), 91 (SW1500), and another Geep in Alexandria, VA on April 29, 1969. The rear end of the train may still be in Potomac Yard. (Roger Puta, courtesy Marty Bernard, Public domain via Wikimedia Commons)

 

Branches

Richmond Connection

The Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac and Richmond and Petersburg Railroad Connection was chartered March 3, 1866, and opened May 1, 1867, as a connection between the RF&P and the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad (later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad) west of downtown Richmond. It was operated jointly by those two companies. In addition, a downtown connection was owned by the R&P past Broad Street Station.

 

Louisa

The Louisa Railroad was chartered in 1836, running from the RF&P at Doswell west to Louisa. At first it was operated as a branch of the RF&P, but it was reorganized as the Virginia Central Railroad in 1850 and merged into the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad in 1868 as its oldest predecessor.

 

Rosslyn

In 1896, the Washington Southern Railway opened a 1.13 miles (1.82 km) branch that connected the south end of the Long Bridge in Jackson City to the south end of the Aqueduct Bridge in Rosslyn. The Railway built much of the branch within the grade of the old disused Alexandria Canal.

In 1904, the Rosslyn Connecting Railroad, which the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad controlled, acquired the branch on the same day (February 29) that the railroad was incorporated in accordance with Virginia law. The Rosslyn Connecting Railroad abandoned nearly all of its line in 1962 and closed in 1969 after operating for 65 years.

In 1977, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority opened a surface-level section of Metrorail's Blue Line that replaced most of the section of the Rosslyn Connecting Railroad's line that had traveled within the Alexandria Canal's grade. The section of the Blue Line parallels Virginia State Route 110 where passing Arlington National Cemetery.

 

Station Listing

Milepost City Station Opening date Connections and notes
CFP110.1 Alexandria RO Interlocking north end of the RF&P at Potomac Yard, continues via trackage rights over Baltimore and Potomac Railroad (PRR) to Union Station in Washington, D.C. junction with Rosslyn Connecting Railroad (PRR)
CFP109.0 Alexandria Crystal City Virginia Railway Express Fredericksburg Line and Manassas Line
CFP106.5 Alexandria Slater's Lane junction with Norfolk Southern (SOU) branch to Mirant power plant and Robinson Terminal warehouse on the Alexandria waterfront. Defective equipment detector.
CFP105.3 Alexandria Alexandria 1905 Virginia Railway Express Fredericksburg Line and Manassas Line Amtrak Carolinian, Northeast Regional, Palmetto, Silver Meteor, Crescent and Silver Star
CFP104.3 Alexandria AF Interlocking junction with Orange and Alexandria Railroad (SOU)
CFP99.3 Springfield Franconia 1870 Closed 1952. Replaced by Franconia–Springfield (WMATA station) with additional Virginia Railway Express Fredericksburg Line and Amtrak NortheastRegional service in 1997.
CFP95.7 Newington Newington Station also known at times as "Accotink"; was interchange point with the U.S. Government Branch to Fort Belvoir.
CFP92.5 Lorton Lorton Virginia Railway Express Fredericksburg Line Amtrak Auto Trainjunction with Lorton and Occoquan Railroad
CFP89.9 Colchester Colchester
CFP89.4 Woodbridge Woodbridge Virginia Railway Express Fredericksburg Line Amtrak Northeast Regional; station also known at times as "Occoquan".
CFP85.7 Woodbridge Rippon Virginia Railway Express Fredericksburg Line
CFP82.4 Cherry Hill Cherry Hill
CFP78.8 Quantico Quantico 1872 Rebuilt in 1919 and 1953. Virginia Railway Express Fredericksburg Line Amtrak Carolinian and Northeast Regional
CFP74.1 Widewater Widewater
CFP70.7 Aquia Aquia
CFP68.1 Stafford Brooke Virginia Railway Express Fredericksburg Line
CFP63.4 Falmouth Leeland Virginia Railway Express Fredericksburg Line
CFP59.4 Fredericksburg Fredericksburg 1910 Virginia Railway Express Fredericksburg Line Amtrak Carolinian and Northeast Regionaljunction with Virginia Central Railway
CFP51.5 Summit
CFP46.9 Guinea Guinea Freight ramp still exists diagonally across the tracks from the entrance to the Stonewall Jackson Shrine
CFP44.5 Woodford Woodford Still exists next to the Woodford Post Office
Bowling Green Park
CFP37.8 Milford Milford 1891 Still exists across from the corner of Antioch Road and Colonial Road
CFP33 Penola Penola 1886
CFP27.1 Ruther Glen Ruther Glen
CFP21.8 Doswell Doswell Rebuilt in 1928. Junction with Virginia Central Railroad (C&O).
CFP14.8 Ashland Ashland 1866 Rebuilt 1890 and 1923. Currently serves Amtrak's Northeast Regional line
CFP11.5 Elmont Elmont
CFP8.1 Glen Allen Glen Allen Closed in 1956.
CFP6.4 Laurel Laurel
CFP4.6 Richmond Staples Mill Road 1975 Amtrak Carolinian, Palmetto, Northeast Regional, Silver Meteor, and Silver Star
CFP1.7 Richmond AY Interlocking junction with Richmond and Petersburg Railroad; Connection at Acca Yard
CFP0.0 Richmond Broad Street Station 1917 Closed in 1975, and now is the home of the Science Museum of Virginia.

Overview

Headquarters: Richmond, Virginia
Reporting mark: RFP
Locale: Maryland, Virginia
Dates of operation: 1836–1991
Successor: CSXT
Technical
Track gauge: 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge

 

See Also:

Railroads A-Z